Yearly Archives: 2025

IntroductionUnderstanding the behaviour of fluids at high speeds is one of the most important parts of fluid mechanics, especially when the flow becomes compressible....

IntroductionIn fluid mechanics, understanding how a fluid behaves when it moves at high speeds or interacts with another surface is very important. Sometimes a...

IntroductionIn hydraulic engineering, understanding how water flows in an open channel is extremely important. Whether it is a river, canal, spillway, or drainage system,...

1. IntroductionTo describe the behaviour of fluid flow in a single term, Osborne Reynolds, a British engineer, introduced a dimensionless quantity known as the...

1. IntroductionIn coarse-grained soils such as sand and gravel, the strength and behaviour mainly depend on how closely the soil particles are packed together....

1. IntroductionIn soil mechanics, many natural phenomena affect how soil behaves under load or after disturbance. One such fascinating property is thixotropy, a time-dependent...

IntroductionIn Soil Mechanics, understanding the behaviour of clay soils is one of the most essential tasks for a geotechnical engineer. Clay behaves differently with...

IntroductionIn civil engineering, understanding how soil behaves under different conditions is very important. The strength and stability of any structure depend largely on the...

IntroductionSoil is one of the most important materials used in civil engineering. Its behaviour changes greatly with the amount of water it contains. When...

IntroductionSoil is one of the most essential natural materials used in civil engineering. Every structure, whether it is a small house, a bridge, or...

IntroductionEvery structure we see around us, from small houses to massive bridges, stands firmly on the soil beneath. In civil engineering, soil is not...

IntroductionHave you ever noticed damp patches slowly appearing on the walls of a building, or wondered how plants manage to draw water from the...

IntroductionHave you ever wondered why water boils at 100°C but alcohol seems to disappear even at room temperature?  Or why do wet clothes dry...

IntroductionHave you ever noticed small water droplets sitting perfectly round on a leaf after rain? This happens because liquids naturally try to keep their...

Introduction When you see small water drops resting on a leaf or glass surface, have you ever wondered why they are always round in shape...

Introductionviscosity is one of the most important physical properties of a fluid.It is the property that defines how easily or how slowly a fluid...