Yearly Archives: 2025

IntroductionConcrete stands as the dominant material in the field of construction due to its versatility and availability. Whether it is a small residential building...

When we talk about concrete or mortar, sand is one of the most important ingredients. Cement and coarse aggregates get all the attention, but...

IntroductionWater plays a vital role in daily human activities, and its requirement is never the same for all regions. In civil engineering, the term...

IntroductionWater demand estimation is very important for planning and running water supply systems. As the population increases and lifestyles change, the need for water...

IntroductionWaterlogging is a condition where the soil becomes saturated with excess water, leaving little or no space for air in the root zone. As...

IntroductionFarming needs a lot of water, but in many areas, water is limited. That’s why farmers look for smart ways to save water and...

IntroductionSprinkler irrigation is a modern irrigation method that sprays water over crops just like natural rainfall. It ensures uniform water distribution, saves water, reduces...

The advantages and disadvantages of irrigation are very important to understand in agriculture because irrigation directly affects crop yield, soil fertility, and sustainable farming....